Evaluating Naft Was It Worth It - 1229 Words

George Boujaoude Instructor Maureen Meyer Geography 102 5 May 15 Evaluating NAFTA: Was it worth it? In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was enacted between two industrial countries and a yet still developing nation. This was an agreement that was the first of its kind due to the relationship that the countries had and the investment opportunities that it presented. The United States, Canada, and developing Mexico decided to work towards eliminating most tariffs and non-tariff barriers between the three in order to increase the flow of trade in goods and services. Since its enactment NAFTA has led to the providing of over 40 million more jobs throughout the countries, and it has also tripled merchandise trade between the three participants to an astounding $946 billion USD in 2008 (NAFTA Now). However even then it is still not very clear whether enacting NAFTA was worth the time and effort and in fact the United States may have been better off not having joined NAFTA. Talks about a free trade agreement between North American countries were already being discuss ed prior the North American Free Trade Agreement. Beginning in 1985, President Reagan and the Canadian Prime Minister, Mulroney, exchanged letters of resolution to negotiate a Free Trade Agreement. This FTA would then be drafted, ratified, and eventually enacted in January 1989 between the two countries. At the same time, trade was at an all-time high between Canada and Mexico. So much so that aShow MoreRelatedCase Study20441 Words   |  82 PagesNetworks---------------------6.2 The Off shoring Decision: Total Cost--------------------------------------------6.3 Risk Management in Global Supply Chains------------------------------------6.4 The Basic Aspects of Evaluating Global Supply Chain Design--------------6.5 Evaluating Network Design Decisions Using Decision Trees----------------AM Tires: Evaluation of Global Supply Chain Design Decisions Under 6.6 Uncertainty---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Forgotten Civil War A War On Minority Communities Essay

The Forgotten Civil War There is a war going on. It is a war that has targeted, jailed, and killed millions of Americans. To see its profound impact, one does not even need to leave our nation s borders. It is a civil war, that Consists of the U.S. Government, versus our country s minority communities. It has spanned multiple generations and numerous presidential administrations. Declared by President Richard M. Nixon in June, 1971, the war on drugs has been one lost at great cost. In this paper, the argument will be presented that the war on drugs was a war on minority communities by disproportionately negatively affecting them through means of mass incarceration, ignoring a massive unknown disease, and gentrification. In the late 1960’s early 70’s President Nixon found himself faced with high crime, the expensive, highly unpopular Vietnam War, and immense poverty in inner cities. The Nixon administration saw these things and found that a commonality with them was drugs. So, on June 17, 1971, President Nixon gave a Special Message to the Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control. In the address, Nixon Stated: â€Å"Narcotic addiction is a major contributor to crime (...) Therefore, I propose the establishment of a central authority with overall responsibility for all major Federal drug abuse prevention, education, treatment, rehabilitation, training, and research programs in all Federal agencies†. (Nixon Par. 6, 16) This was a positive sign for the drug problemShow MoreRelatedThe Fear Of Women And Women In The War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States entered the war with something to prove, and enough attitude behind them to make a difference. Men and women alike flocked to volunteer after such events like Pearl Harbor, and once the men had left to fight the big fight, women found themselves left behind. The psychological day to day of these women is a seemingly insurmountable mountain of odds all stacked on top of each other. People were worried about losing everything, about the spread of Hitler and his fascist ways. WartimeRead MoreRacial Profiling by Police Must Stop Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pages The great era of civil rights started in the 1960s, with Martin Luther King, Jr.s stirring I have a Dream speech at the historic march on Washington in August of 1963. At the same time Birmingham Police Commissioner Bull Connor used powerful fire hoses and vicious police attack dogs against nonviolent black civil rights activists. Although these years proved to be the highlight and downfall of civil rights in America, even with the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act beingRead MoreThe First World War I1305 Words   |  6 Pages Schartner U.S. History 2 AP/IB 19 October 2015 Unit 3 Notebook Essay The First World War fought from 1914 to 1918 was one of the largest and most brutal catastrophes fought in the 20th century. With nearly the entire European continent fighting a barbaric and everlasting war, the U.S. had eventually to get involved in order to reinitiate stability to Europe. Ultimately, the U.S. taking involvement in World War I had a profound political, economic, and social impact on the country. It increased governmentRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil War On Drugs Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pageslong as I can remember, there have always been numerous instances of civil injustices being committed against African American drivers stemming all the way back to the Rodney King Incident in 1991 to as recently as 2015 when a woman was wrongfully arrested in Texas for driving while black. Many people would argue that it is the war on drugs that has caused law enforcement to continually abuse their power, but in actuality the war on drugs is not even specifically targe ting narcotics anymore, the governmentRead MoreThe Vietnam War: A Brief Analysis1396 Words   |  6 Pages Still, even though the Cold War is over, there are many reasons why the history of the Vietnam War should remain fresh and the effort to grasp both the war and the antiwar opposition remain essential. The Vietnam War is, of course, an episode in military history. The episode’s setting is during the Cold War in Vietnam and the central theme of the episode was to pit capitalism and or democracy against communism. In light of this, the movement against the Vietnam War could be said as one of the greatestRead MoreThe Importance of Traditions in A Rose For Emily and The Boat935 Words   |  4 Pagesof tradition is seen by Miss Emily losing her way of life in the old South. In the latter, the boat is the tradition for the story. The tradition is lost as outsiders come in and the daughters leave with the effeminate strangers and abandon the community and the cherished way of life of their mother. However, this tradition represented by Emily’s house and the boat gradually disappears in both stories. To be specific, first, the house that Emily lives in is the symbol of tradition for the storyRead MoreDr. King Jr., Gandhi, and San Suu Kyi1321 Words   |  6 Pagespeople. Gandhi advocated a more direct civil disobedience against the British laws that enslave the Indian. At the same time, San Suu Kyi believed peaceful protests to challenge the laws and actions of the suppressive government. Gandhi, Dr. King Jr., and San Suu Kyi all shared the core beliefs in promoting human rights and took actions to establish the universal truths, which the rights of everyone be protected by the rules of law. With this in mind, the civil rights movements and peaceful protestsRead MoreThe Cambodian Genocide Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world’s response to the genocide. The Cambodian Genocide has the historical context of the Vietnam War and the country’s own civil war. During the Vietnam War, leading up to the conflicts that would contribute to the genocide, Cambodia was used as a U.S. battleground for the Vietnam War. Cambodia would become a battle ground for American troops fighting in Vietnam for four years; the war would kill up to 750,00 Cambodians through U.S. efforts to destroy suspected North Vietnamese supply linesRead MoreThe Un : Founding Principles1222 Words   |  5 Pagesis not just a simple change,either; it is an international change. Everywhere in the world, people are ravaged by war and suffering. Everyone would like to snuff that out, I’m sure, but the UN is at the forefront of this change. Why have we ignored the countries that have reached out to help? People have ignored the cries of the weak, innocent, and forgotten for too long. We have a civil and moral duty to not let these cries go unheard. Who are we, if not the peacekeepers of the world? What are weRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesA civil rights leader by the name of Reverend (PBS, 2016) Martin Luther King Jr. changed the world he occupied and changed the future course of the United States of America by advocating for desegregation. Martin Luther King Junior was on a mission to end the segregation of the African American community. Segregation was the post result of slavery throughout the United States of America which enslaved Africans. He challenged the status quo of the time. Protesting peacefully and advocating for social

The Influence Of The Harlem Renaissance - 1912 Words

The Harlem Renaissance was a blossoming of African American culture, particularly in the creative arts, and the most influential movement in African American literary history. Embracing literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts, participants sought to separate â€Å"the Negro† apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples’ relationship to their heritage and to each other. The renaissance was not dominated by a particular school of thought but it was characterized by intense debate. This movement laid the groundwork for all later African American literature and had an enormous impact on subsequent black literature and consciousness worldwide. Often, while studying the renaissance the influence of music, particularly jazz, or its value is overlooked. However, I believe jazz played a vital role in shaping this cultural movement. After World War One, African Americans felt a sense of freedom fueled by their participation in Wartime service and war industries. This freedom triggered a migration north for many. By the 1920s, Harlem had become the center of this cultural movement. Along with the migration north, African Americans brought new cultural traditions and ideas. Originating in New Orleans, Jazz also migrated north with African Americans. In the 1920s, jazz became extremely popular. It was a form of music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime. This unique mixture was performed in many Nightclubs in Harlem. Jazz made stars out of manyShow MoreRelatedPoetrys Influences on the Harlem Renaissance2031 Words   |  9 PagesShayuann Shepard Mrs. Gullett English 11 15 May 2013 Poetry’s influence on racial equality Racial equality has been the topic of many works for centuries. Many of those works weren’t written by those actually affected by inequality. During the 1920’s African Americans began to express their opinions on the issue more frequently through the arts. Poetry was among the most prominent forms of art used for spreading equality and justice. Poets like Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Claude McKayRead MoreInfluence of the Harlem Renaissance on Society Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pages Influence of the Harlem Renaissance in Society A group of people who had at one point held no power and position in society were now thriving in the nation, as they spread their culture and ideas. It was the start of an era known as the Harlem Renaissance. This was a more than a literary movement, it was a cultural movement based on pride in the Africa-American life. They were demanded civil and political rights (Stewart). The Harlem Renaissance changed the way African Americans were viewed byRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence And Impact1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence and Impact The Harlem Renaissance era is known for its rich culture and being the source for many African American breakthrough artists such as Alain Locke,W.E.B DuBois, and Ethel Waters. . Whether it be the diversity of music, drama, art, or literature, it’s surely present during that period of time and still is today. Many questions about this time period include â€Å"How was Harlem life like back then?† â€Å"What is the Harlem Renaissance?†, and â€Å"How did itRead MoreThe Influence Of The Harlem Renaissance On African American Literature1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affect of the Harlem Renaissance on African American Literature The second half of the eighteenth century introduced a new expression to the literary world. The new expression was a voice that belonged to the African American writers. The African American writers wrote with a flair and brought a new perspective to the realm of literature. Literature, as America had known it, consisted of works from Christopher Columbus, John Smith, William Bradford, and Mary Rowlandson; these writers capturedRead More The Influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois on the Writings from the Harlem Renaissance2140 Words   |  9 PagesThe Influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois on the Writings from the Harlem Renaissance Two of the most influential people in shaping the social and political agenda of African Americans were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois, both early twentieth century writers. While many of their goals were the same, the two men approached the problems facing African Americans in very different ways. This page is designed to show how these two distinct thinkers and writers shaped one movementRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence On People s Views On African American Lifestyles Through Poetry Essay2428 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscrimination and segregation was still widely accepted and practiced. Life was much different back then. Although people were heavily being judged for the color of their skin, a movement called the Harlem Renaissance had a major influence on people’s views on African-Americans across the United States. The Harlem Renaissance created a new Black cultural identity through literature, music, theater, art, and politics. One of the leading voices w as Langston Hughes, a writer whom wrote realistic portrayals, bothRead MoreEssay on Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance Two Historical Art Periods973 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: SURREALISM AND HARLEM RENAISSANCE Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance Two Historical Art Periods Elisa Montoya Western Governor’s University RIWT Task 1 May 13, 2013 SURREALISM AND HARLEM RENNAISANCE Comparing and Contrasting the Two Art Periods â€Å"Surrealism and Harlem Renaissance† 2 While there are many different historical art periods I will bring together two that I found to be extremely interesting. There are so many wonderful facts about all the different art periodsRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the Renaissance was they had really short life there was no black people in it other than artists. Harlem Renaissance were first one to criticize black and white. They came to dominate Harlem Renaissance through creativity and culture. Madhubuti’s contention, Jeffery Stewart stated after major victories of the civil rights movement another intellectual and cultural rebellion called Black Power movement. Madhubuti’s, a black arts movement members relationship with Harlem Renaissance is one ofRead MoreThe New Negro Of The Harlem Renaissance879 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Negro Movement, also known as The Harlem Renaissance, was a time in the early twentieth century where African Americans embraced literature, mus ic, theatre, and visual arts (Alchin). They were inspired and gave inspiration to many blacks in the community. The Great Migration was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance – it is, where it began the most significant movement in the black history. After World War I, â€Å"more than six million African Americans† traveled from â€Å"the rural South to the

Sigmund Freud s Frankenstein - 1361 Words

Sigmund Freud layed out an understanding instances of the definition of the uncanny. It was based on his psychoanalytic work to treat behavioral disorders. He contended that the human’s behavior is affected by their unconscious that was driven by desires, fears, needs and conflict that they are unware of. He explained the definition of the uncanny which â€Å"the uncanny is that class of the frightening which lead back to what is known of old and long familiar.† One can see the relation of the uncanny to May Shelley’s Frankenstein, the monster that was created by the character named Victor Frankenstein who was greeted with fear by the people he meets. The monster’s treatment of fear put him under the category of Sigmund Freud’s The Uncanny. We see a point of commonality where the relation of the Freudian theory and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is implying towards to each other. This implication reveals The Uncanny and Mary Shelley’s Fran kenstein how fear itself show the theory of the uncanny and using the counterevidence from the text to reflect critically back to the theory itself. Freud explained the subject of the uncanny in terms of what is freighting and what caused frightening in the quote, â€Å"the subject of the uncanny is a province of this kind. It is undoubtedly related to what is frightening- to what arouses dread and horror, equally certainly, too, the word is not used in a clearly definable sense, so that it tends to coincide with what excites fear in general† (Freud,Show MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Frankenstein 1299 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud lays out an understanding instances of the definition of the uncanny. It was based on his psychoanalytic work to treat behavioral disorders and he contend that the human’s behavior is affected by their unconscious that was driven by desires, fears, needs and conflict that they are unware of; he explained the definition of the uncanny which is â€Å"the uncanny is that class of the frightening which lead back to what is known of old and long familiar.† One can see the relation of the uncannyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 Pageswriting structures of the celebrated authors around her time period. She did this by empowering her main character, Victor Frankenstein, with the enlightenment values of individualism and self exploration; only in a very pessimistic and gloomy way. Through careful analysis of quotes from Mary Shelley s frankenstein from a psychoanalytic view we can reveal some of mary Shelley s true motives in how she designed her characters. Psychology is all about finding motives. It’s all about finding out whyRead MoreThe Concept Of Self Identity1360 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of Self-Identity, and the theories that relate to it, are ever-present in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. The concept of Self-Identity is a Psychological concept that many famous Psychologists have spent years studying. The main theories of self-identity that relate to the story of Frankenstein are those by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The ideas of Sigmund Freud’s concept of Superego, Id, and Ego are represented by Victor’s father, the creation, and Victor withRead MoreVision And The Act Of Looking1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ocular Spectatorship Vision and the act of looking is an important and recurring theme in many horror films. In early gothic literature, such as in Guy de Maupassant s Le Horla, the author presents vision as definitive and universal proof and stresses the importance of seeing as well as the act of showing gore. As a society, we are routinely told ‘seeing is believing in the wake of any paranormal or supernatural phenomena, placing weight on the tangible. However, as science and technologyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1822 Words   |  8 Pagesnovella also strongly suggests that there more that just a moral divide between the two personas, there is an evolutionary divide as well. In the language that Stevenson uses to describe Hyde, shows how deeply he had been influenced by Charles Darwin s theory on the origins of species. Hyde is often described using such words as â€Å"troglodytic† â€Å"dwarfish† and â€Å"hardly human†. Enfield’s when recoun ting his first strange encounter with Mr Hyde attempts describe him to Utterson: He is not easy to describeRead MoreComparison of the Tempest and Forbidden Planet Essay1836 Words   |  8 Pagesdraws on two outside influences, or parentages, to help adapt The Tempest into FP. Both Freudian psychology and the science fiction genre were used to help shape FP. The film draws on Freudian psychology when referring to the Id-monster. It was â€Å"Sigmund Freud’s concept of multipartite mentality of primal id, conscious ego, and moral superego† (Knighten, Para 4) that gave light to the idea of the Id-monster. Freud’s psychology then was an inspiration for the monster in FP because without his influenceRead MoreJudith Butlers Perception of the Female in the Modern Era: Gender Identity and the Act of Becoming in Cindy Shermans History Portraits6698 Words   |  27 Pagesdebatable but the work stands on its own and its meaning is open to interpretation. The portrayal of the self especially of the female self had been under a Freudian assault since Edward Bernays began using sex in advertising (Jones, 2000). Nephew of Sigmund Freud, Bernays realized the untapped potential that sexual innuendo could hold over American audiences everywhere: it could leave on spellbound, virtually obedient to every suggestion that the purveyor of goods wished to proffer. By divorcing the sexRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesraining there, it’s not snowing. Here is an analysis of it in sentential logic: R is the sentence It will rain there. S is the sentence It will snow there. Then the pattern of the above argument is R or S, but not both R and S. R that science is a systematic way of explaining and predicting events. Science is not merely a systematic collection of facts. 135 So, Not-S and that is the form of a valid argument in sentential logic. In this analysis of the argument, the definitions are

Family Rootedness and Racial Dynamics Free Essays

Living in contemporary America is coupled with different challenges. The fast-paced industry, the cultural diversity, the financial crises, and the indifference among neighbors all cause to build up some form of alienation in most people. The Virginia Tech massacre and other cases of mad shooting illustrate the struggles of some people of different cultures to assimilate in the American society. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Rootedness and Racial Dynamics or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Barack Obama’s â€Å"Dreams from My Father,† the author provides some insights on the importance of rootedness to one’s family and culture in order to survive and attain success in Contemporary America. The experiences of the characters lead readers to realize that one can easily undertake struggles in life upon acceptance of family and racial origins. The author attempts to delineate a number of issues, among which is the problem caused by dysfunctional families, a common scenario in the contemporary American society. Children like Obama manage to survive despite the absence of their parents, in some cases both parents are absent, in others like Obama’s, the father figure is vague. Until after his death, Obama’s father â€Å"remained a myth† (8) to him. He left when Barack was barely two years old, to go back to Kenya, his homeland. The last time he and his son saw each other was when Obama was ten. Due to this, Obama grew up quiet, with some coldness in the way he deals with people, although he always bears respect for others. His acquaintance with an old man who lived in the same building he occupied near Harlem demonstrates this attitude. Never, the absence of Obama’s father made him what he is right now. Although not clearly emphasized, the role of the grandfather in Obama’s life, along with his grandmother Toot, compensated for the loss of his father. In a way, Obama lived in the comfort and care of his mother’s family. Basically, the importance of family is demonstrated in the way his grandfather compensated the absence of his father. The family dynamics that he grew up with, was basically composed of loving and caring grandparents who usually told him stories of the past in order for him to know his father well, and a mother who served as inspiration and guide through the social service she rendered. However, the importance of family is later more emphasized with the connectedness of his father’s family—the extended family relationships that exist among his relatives in Kenya. Obama witnessed this when he met and visited his cousins. Even though he did not know them as a child, he easily got along with them, owing to belongingness to one family. Aside from the importance of family connectedness, rootedness to one’s race and culture is also emphasized. When his father died, Obama had a chance to establish connection with his origins. Prior to this, he felt he felt some void within him, and enmity towards his father. He wished to understand a lot of things, and saw it timely to go back to his roots. Unexpectedly, he found the answers in Kenya as he listened to stories about his father—his childhood, his struggles to prove himself, the reason why he went to America, and why he went back to Kenya. In the end, he found himself crying over the struggles his father fought, and for losing the man who remained in his shadow. Finding the answers to his questions about origins made Obama whole. For a long time, he did not realize that his father shared the struggles he fought. Although they had different situations, he understood that what his father bore was a lot heavier than his. Specifically, his father’s struggle to prove himself to the grandfather and to the rest of the world was double that of Obama when he was younger. For his father, going back to Kenya was the only way to regain himself though it was also a way to face his childhood fears. Despite the pains he tried to leave behind in relation to his past, the older Barack still went back to his people and chose to serve them. Such rootedness to race and culture taught the son the importance of knowing one’s origins. Clearly, the efforts Obama made to get to know his origins led him to what he is now. As he suggests, survival in contemporary American society is difficult. Racial discrimination, although it did not totally affect him, was rampant. Nevertheless, it made him long for his past. The presence of his mother was definitely not enough to fill in the father figure he missed, not to mention his mother’s difficulty to raise him and his sister apart from Obama’s grandparents. At the end, he still needed to know both his father and the race that brought his father up in order to be whole. Knowing one’s past is further emphasized as Barack struggles to build his own family. Lacking the father figure, he himself found it difficult to be an ideal father and husband that he wanted to be. His struggles can be rooted from his own experience, mainly due to the dysfunctional family that he came from. Nevertheless, when he finally gained the opportunity to know his roots, he found the courage to continue and reunite with his family. Based on this, the author makes us realize the importance of rootedness to one’s past and race relations. The familiarity of his aunt Nairobi as she calls her nephew Barry to inform him of his father’s death demonstrates the connectedness of the Kenyans, which other cultures can learn from. For them, distance and unfamiliarity are not barriers to achieving unity and love. Rather, racial dynamics are too strong, enough to conquer physical and cultural boundaries. How to cite Family Rootedness and Racial Dynamics, Essays

Internal Corporate Governance Control

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Ethics. Answer: Introduction The internal control is concerned with the practices and the procedures which ensure that the particular organization would achieve the targets which are set within their strategy. It strives to use the organizational resources in an economic manner (Oppong et al. 2016). An effective as well as reliable internal control is the foundation of compliance with judicious business practices (Oppong et al. 2016). The internal control also takes care that the risk management procedures are arranged in an adequate manner. It focuses on the greater control over the custody of the client assets as well as protection of the individual property. The internal control ensures that there is conformance with the regulations as well as approved principles concerning ethics. The Board of Directors increasingly understands the evolvement, practical application as well as the implementation of the internal control in the organization. This paper would demonstrate the development of the internal control as well as the risk assessment in a real organization. The organization selected for the purpose of study is Barclays Bank, which is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. The associated scandals of the Bank would be discussed which is helpful in contributing to the subject matter. The implementation of the risk assessment and the internal control in the UK and USA would be discussed and any major differences between both the countries would be outlined. The concluding part of the paper would discuss the implementation of the internal control as well as risk assessment in the companies belonging to both USA and UK. Discussion The internal corporate governance control is one of the prominent issues in the UK as well as USA as there have been major accounting issues in these countries. The United States of America has adopted sufficient steps to modulate the internal control systems of the organizations (Blackwell and Kochan 2013). This has been done with the help of Sarbenes-Oxley Act of 2002, which aims to protect the investors from the several fraudulent activities of the different corporations (Blackwell and Kochan 2013). This has increased the accuracy as well as transparency in the financial reporting in the US organizations. UK has adopted more market-regulated approach to increase the internal control in the organizations. It is important that the listed companies implement effective risk management strategies as well as internal control so that they can be transparent to their shareholders. The internal control in the organization serves a variety of purposes. It is one of the primary tools of the company in order to identify the probable risks. It is also helpful for the company to safeguard the investments made by the different shareholders as well as protect the assets of the company (Spekl and Verbeeten 2014). The internal control improves the business operations and enhances the effectiveness of the internal as well as external reporting (Spekl and Verbeeten 2014). An internal control system is helpful in the detection of the fraud as well as support management and checks whether these adhere to the laws and regulations made by the organization. The internal control system focuses on the financial controls as it helps in the management as well as detection of financial risks in the organization (Spekl and Verbeeten 2014). The organization should be able to adapt to the ever-changing risk profile which would happen if the internal control system of the organization is evaluated on a regular basis (Spekl and Verbeeten 2014). The avoidance of risks by the internal control system is outside the purview of the internal control systems, however, these try to assess as well as detect the material risks of the company. This also helps the management to handle these exposures in an appropriate manner. Barclays Bank is one of the largest multinational banking as well as financial services organization, which is headquartered in London, United Kingdom (Barclays.co.uk 2017). The Bank has its operations in the wholesale, retail as well as investment banking operations. It also operates in the wealth management, credit cards and mortgage lending (Barclays.co.uk 2017). The Bank has its operations in more than 50 countries and serves more than 48 million customers (Barclays.co.uk 2017). The Bank has been involved in several scandals such as Libor-rigging scandal, forex scandal and brazen currency (Barclays.co.uk 2017). These incidences indicate that the company has lack of internal control. There is also lack of involvement of the board of directors which results into lack of organizing of the internal control functions. The company personnel at Barclays Bank were accused of manipulating the Libor interest rates. On investigating into the matter, the jury members found out that the conspirators were involved in the fixing of the rates so that the Bank could make more financial gains (Duffie and Stein 2015). There were nine investment bankers (drawing highest package) of Barclays in New York and London, who were involved in the conspiracy. During the trial, the accused claimed that the bank used to act in the commercial interest when they were engaged in the daily submissions embedded in the process of Libor setting (Fouquau and Spieser 2015). When the court cross examined the evidences, they found out that the labors were not reflecting actual cost of the money. The actual cost of the money was higher than the ones presented in the official documents (around 5 to 15 points). The prosecutors agreed to the fact that the Libor manipulation has been some international issues and this has been a subject o f the extensive cooperation within the UK and USA authorities (Duffie and Stein 2015). The Bank has reached the around $100m settlement with approximately 40 USA states (Duffie and Stein 2015). This was due to the fact that the bank was involved in the anticompetitive as well as fraudulent activities which were directly related to the Libor rigging scandal. The organization faced strict fines as a result of manipulating the benchmark interest rates. The Board of Directors should take the responsibility of properly organizing the internal control by implementing effective control principles in the organization (Simons 2013). The executive management as well as the managing director of the company should be accountable for the execution of the internal control in their own departments so that the duties are well segregated among the employees (Duffie and Stein 2015). The centralized Compliance functions, Finance, Treasury and Risk management entities ensure that the internal control process is effective. The internal audit in Barclays Bank is responsible for making the group level auditing which involves the objective as well as independent assessment, consulting and the assurance activities (Knechel and Salterio 2016). The internal audit team helps the internal financial team to incorporate a systematic as well as disciplined approach in the evaluation as well as effectiveness of the risk management, governance and supervision processes (Alzeban and Gwilliam 2014). The internal audit should be conducted according to the good internal auditing principles (Duffie and Stein 2015). The planning, reporting and implementation of audit is considered as an independent function. One of the most important components of the internal control is the internal audit (Alzeban and Gwilliam 2014). The internal audit operates as separate unit which works under the supervision of the CEO as well as the board of directors. The Board of Directors of Barclays as well as the Audit Committee is responsible for the actual implementation of the internal control in the organization (Minto and McCormick 2014). The financial reporting results should be monitored regularly and any anomalies should be given due importance. It would also help the management to detect the reporting errors so that accurate information can be gathered regarding the finances of the company (Minto and McCormick 2014). The internal audit concentrates on the various risks that are faced by the organizations and how the organizations should respond to them. In this process, there is inclusion of both the financial as well as non-financial processes along with the reputation of the company. The external audit of the Bank is usually concerned with a third party organization that is free to examine as well as assess the organizational framework. This type of audit focuses more on the finance job function and the key business risks of the bank (Minto and McCormick 2014). There can be credit risks, operational risks, market risks, liquidity risks, reputational risks and others which should be considered by the Bank from time and again (Bouvatier Lepetit and Strobel 2014). The external audit is usually performed at an annual basis and this document is a reflection to showcase how the company performs from a financial point of view. The internal control system is being evaluated by the external auditors in order to ensure that they are working effectively. The basic purpose of the audit committee is to review the financial reporting system of the organization, audit process, internal control systems, compliance with laws and others (Brennan and Kirwan 2015). The audit committee of Barclays reviews the accounting as well as reporting issues in order to understand the potential impact on the financial scenario. It takes into account the way financial information is required for the smooth functioning of the organization. The committee is engaged in reviewing the results of the audit with the external auditors and the management team (Ishak 2016). This also includes the scrutiny of the financial information, which should satisfy the predetermined standards. The audit committees are actively engaged in the reviewing of the internal controls of the organization and assessing their effectiveness. The committee reviews the available management information, financial information and the operational matters so that they can understand the level of internal controls prevailing in organization (Brennan and Kirwan 2015). The management of the compliance risks forms an integral part of the internal control. It is also one of the prime important factors in the effective corporate governance practices (Elgammal et al. 2016). The senior management of the bank has the responsibility of regulatory compliance. The compliance function is associated with the assisting of the senior management as well as executive management (Brennan and Kirwan 2015). It also helps in the assessment of the risk management priorities of the organization. The compliance risks should be taken into account while formulating the strategy of the organization. The internal control of the organization also encompasses the risk management function. The purpose of the risk management as well as the capital adequacy management is to ensure that the organization has adequate risk-bearing capacity (Al-Hassan et al. 2013). This also helps in the checking of the liquidity of the organization so that the business continuity can take place in a smooth manner (Cummings and Durrani 2016). The risk bearing capacity of the bank encapsulates the effective risk management of the firm with respect to the complexity of the operations as well as the availability of the capital resources of the firm (Al-Hassan et al. 2013). The Bank engages in moderate degree of risk taking which is spread across all the business operations. There are a number of risks for the company such as operational risks, strategic risks, concentration risks, underwriting risks and others. The risk management as well as the internal capital adequacy process (ICAAP) involves several step s (Cummings and Durrani 2016). This includes the identification, measurement, assessment and the mitigation of the risks. The second step includes the reliable determination and the fixing of the degree of liquidity as well as capital required for the purpose of mitigating various kinds of risks (Cummings and Durrani 2016). The last step involves the allocation of capital as well as liquidity systematically as per the current risk-taking activity of the business unit. There are several types of internal controls which are used in the organization. They can be- detective control, corrective control and the preventive control (Mohammad et al. 2014). The detective control is concerned with the detection of errors which have already occurred in the organization. The corrective controls are designed to correct irregularities which have already been detected in the organization (Cummings and Durrani 2016). The preventive controls are implemented in such a manner that the proactive action can be taken regarding the deformities so that they do not occur in the organizations. The risk disclosures of the Barclays go through period of significant credit crisis. It is important to implement risk reporting in the organization as the uncertainties area n integral part of the modern-day businesses (Olso and Wu 2015). The shareholders as well as the investors of the bank would be able to understand the current as well as future risk position of the organization if the company personnel engage in adequate risk disclosure. In UK, there has been more priority to the risk management function, risk appetite framework and subsequent risk reduction through the process of diversification (Cummings and Durrani 2016). There is no inherent immunity from the various risks; however, they can be managed if proper attention is given to internal control. The COSO framework is a non-profit organization which has the objective of finding out the different factors that has led to the corrupt financial reporting (Pett Blomster and Wallace 2015). The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission was founded in the year 1985 and it is funded by the accounting associations (Pett Blomster and Wallace 2015). The internal control of the organization comprises of several elements such as management philosophy, established values, responsibility assignment and the leadership provided by the senior management. The Turnbull report 1999 focuses on the high impact as well as higher likelihood risks. It sets out the various best practices for the implementation of the internal control in the different UK listed organizations (Goh and Gupta 2016). The report focuses on the setting of the objectives, identification of the risks, assessment of the risks and the way they affect the internal control of the organizations. The recommendations of the report encourage the board of the directors of the companies to take into account various factors. These factors include- extent and nature of the risks faced by the organization, likelihood of risk materialization, types of acceptable risks, ability of company to reduce the risk impact and the cost effectiveness of the internal controls (Goh and Gupta 2016). The Irish Companies Act 2014 proposed by Matheson, introduce several changes in the company law prevalent in Ireland (Matheson 2017). This law has enabled the companies to take care of the annual compliance as well as corporate governance among the Irish companies. The Act has introduced several changes in the existing financial structure of the companies that has decreased the degree of administrative burden. There has been implementation of a simple written process for approval such as financial assistance implemented for the purpose of share acquisition. This would also lead to the reduction of capital and placing of the organization into voluntary liquidation. There are considerable differences in the risk disclosure procedures as well as internal controls of UK and USA. The shareholders are given more value in the UK than in USA. In the UK, there has been a shift in the legal developments concerning corporate governance. There has been incorporation of broader shareholder perspective in UK, unlike in USA. There are also significant differences in the auditing process followed in both the organizations. In UK, there is different perceptions of the effectiveness of internal control. There was close association between the risk management process and the internal controls. The UK companies like to identify the financial risk, business risks and the internal controls in the various risk reporting processes. In USA, the internal controls are quite limited. However, in the USA, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is followed and this has been extended recently to the Enterprise Risk Management as well (Cavusoglu et al. 2015). The COSO internal control frame work is currently dominating the control management function in the USA organizations. In UK, the risk management process is systematic and they are deeply embedded in the company procedures. The internal control was in the hands of the private companies in UK for a longer time than that in USA. UK entered into the corporate governance sector with the help of the Cadbury Committee in the year 1992 (Zalewska 2014.). The USA and UK companies implement the internal control procedures in their own possible way. In the US, the internal controls are established for providing adequate assurance for safeguarding the assets of the firm. An increasing level of importance is being laid on the use of the proper accounting records in the organization. In the UK and Ireland, the organizations place greater importance on the mitigation of risk process and they consider this process as one of the most important components of the internal control (Mees 2015). Conclusion The UK governance code believes in the principle that that the board of directors of the company should adhere to the sound risk management tactics which is required for the greater implementation of the internal control systems. The board is responsible for monitoring risk management of the company as well as governing of the internal control systems. Management use the various internal control mechanisms to make sure that the objectives of the business are being achieved. It is clear from the above discussion that the internal control is one of the most important elements of corporate governance. This internal audit adds considerable value to the management by keeping the senior management informed about the control mechanisms. The development as well as implementation of the internal control in Barclays Bank is discussed. The various scandals of the Bank are being discussed which demonstrated that there is lack of internal control in their organization. The Libor setting scandal i s one of the biggest scandals of the bank. The implementation of the risk assessment as well as internal control that is used by both USA and UK is discussed. This paper would broaden the understanding of the internal control in organizations and how they can be leveraged to meet the company objectives. The process of risk management would also be helpful, especially for the purpose of surviving in the market for longer duration. References Al-Hassan, A., Papaioannou, M.M.G., Skancke, M. and Sung, C.C., 2013.Sovereign wealth funds: Aspects of governance structures and investment management(No. 13-231). International Monetary Fund. Alzeban, A. and Gwilliam, D., 2014. Factors affecting the internal audit effectiveness: A survey of the Saudi public sector.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,23(2), pp.74-86. Barclays.co.uk. 2017.Barclays | Personal Banking. [online] Available at: https://www.barclays.co.uk [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Blackwell, R. and Kochan, T.A., 2013. Restoring the Public Purpose to Private Corporations. Bouvatier, V., Lepetit, L. and Strobel, F., 2014. Bank income smoothing, ownership concentration and the regulatory environment.Journal of Banking Finance,41, pp.253-270. Brennan, N.M. and Kirwan, C.E., 2015. Audit committees: practices, practitioners and praxis of governance.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,28(4), pp.466-493. Cavusoglu, H., Cavusoglu, H., Son, J.Y. and Benbasat, I., 2015. Institutional pressures in security management: Direct and indirect influences on organizational investment in information security control resources.Information Management,52(4), pp.385-400. Cummings, J.R. and Durrani, K.J., 2016. Regulatory Capital and Internal Capital Targets: An Examination of the Australian Banking Industry. Duffie, D. and Stein, J.C., 2015. Reforming LIBOR and other financial market benchmarks.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(2), pp.191-212. Elgammal, A., Turetken, O., van den Heuvel, W.J. and Papazoglou, M., 2016. Formalizing and appling compliance patterns for business process compliance.Software Systems Modeling,15(1), pp.119-146. Fouquau, J. and Spieser, P.K., 2015. Statistical evidence about LIBOR manipulation: A Sherlock Holmes investigation.Journal of Banking Finance,50, pp.632-643. Goh, L. and Gupta, A., 2016. Remuneration of non-executive directors: Evidence from the UK.The British Accounting Review,48(3), pp.379-399. Ishak, S., 2016. Going-Concern Audit Report: The Role of Audit Committee and Risk Management Committee.International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information,19(6A), p.1837. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Matheson. 2017.Law Firm | Ireland | Legal Services. [online] Available at: https://www.matheson.com [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Mees, B., 2015. Corporate governance as a reform movement.Journal of Management History,21(2), pp.194-209. Minto, A. and McCormick, R., 2014. Governance of Banks in an Era of Regulatory Change and Declining Public Confidence.Law and Economics Yearly Review, pp.6-45. Mohammadi, J., Ghaffari, A., Hadavi, A. and Mohammadi, K., 2014. Analysis of the role of internal control in performing the responsibility of managers of public sector.European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings,2(3 (s)), pp.pp-2321. Olson, D.L. and Wu, D.D., 2015.Enterprise risk management(Vol. 3). World Scientific Publishing Co Inc. Oppong, M., Owiredu, A., Abedana, V.N. and Asante, E., 2016. The Impact of Internal Control on the Performance of Faith-Based NGOs in Accra. Pett, J., Blomster, K. and Wallace, A., 2015. A well-oiled machine: organizations can fine-tune their internal controls over financial reporting using the COSO framework update.Internal Auditor,72(1), pp.31-36. Simons, R., 2013.Levers of control: How managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press. Spekl, R.F. and Verbeeten, F.H., 2014. The use of performance measurement systems in the public sector: Effects on performance.Management Accounting Research,25(2), pp.131-146. Zalewska, A., 2014. Challenges of corporate governance: Twenty years after Cadbury, ten years after SarbanesOxley. Solomon, J., 2007.Corporate governance and accountability. John Wiley Sons.

Hardness Removal free essay sample

88%. Total Hardness Percentage Removal = 100-84328*100=74. 39 % Calcium Percentage Removal = 100-59296*100=80. 06% Magnesium Percentage Removal = 100-2532*100=21. 88% ) How close did the treatment process come to reaching the practical limits of hardness reduction? Hardness removal limits were not achieved. Calcium was reduced to a concentration of 59 mg/L versus the limit of 30 mg/L. And in the case of Magnesium the concentration was reduced to 25mg/L versus the limit of 10mg/L. Calcium percent difference: 30-5930=96. 66% (Absolute value) Magnesium percent difference: 10-2510=150% (Absolute value) 4) How many metric tons of Ca(OH)2 and NaCO3 are necessary to process 59 million gallons of water per day based on the calculations of 1. a. and 1. b.? To run this water softening technique in a water plant processing 59 million gallons per day it would require 51 tons of Ca(OH)2 and 33 tons of NaCO3 2. 27*10-4kgL*223. 02*106L*(ton1000 kg)=51 tons of CaOH2 per day 1. 48*10-4kgL*223. 02*106L*(ton1000 kg)=33 tons of NaCO3 per day Discussion Hard water is an issue for industries that rely on large amounts of water to operate. We will write a custom essay sample on Hardness Removal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hardness generated by elements such as calcium and magnesium cat ions produce scum in pipes and with many industrial chemicals reduces their overall effectiveness. That is why it is important to have economic and reliable ways of reducing water hardness in large scales. The particular method used in this experiment was lime soda softening. It has to be noted that this particular procedure only works for water that has an initial pH level lower than 8. Based on stoichiometry and the addition rules according to Nazaroff and Alvarez-Cohen we are able to find what concentration of Ca(OH)2 and NaCO3 are needed to remove hardness from the water. Based on our results the softening of the water was a success. Initial total hardness was recorded at 328 mg/L, after softening the concentration was found to be 84 mg/L. Looking individually at the reduction of calcium and magnesium the concentration was reduced from 296 mg/L to 59 mg/L and 32 mg/L to 25 mg/L respectively. Even though a large amount of the hardness was removed from the water it was nowhere near the practical limit levels. This can be attributed to the fact that the reactions that dictate hardness removal suffer from diminishing returns. Sources of error in this lab can be attributed to the fact that the sample water was only allowed to precipitate for 15 minutes instead of the 20 that was required as stated by the procedure.